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Hereby, the spectrum of valence ranged from the subjugated ones ( subiecti), over allies ( foederati or socii) up to legally equated friends of the Roman people ( amici populi Romani), who were granted Roman citizenship ( civitas Romana) for their faithfulness. In addition, Rome actively enforced a distinct diversity of the individual allies. In contrast, contracting with each other was prohibited. The individual member states of the old Roman Empire were only permitted to establish contracts with the central power in Rome.
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In fact, this maxim was already practiced in the legal organization of the ancient Roman civilization.
#Rise of nations vs age of empires 2 how to
to Lorenzo di Piero de’ Medici, at that time the ruler of Florence, how to increase and maintain his power. Viroli, The Prince, Oxford World’s Classics (OUP, Oxford, 2005). Machiavelli, Il Principe ( Antonio Blado d'Asola, 1532). The introduction of the divide and rule concept (also divide and conquer or divide et impera in its Latin formulation) is partly attributed to the Florentine diplomat and political theorist Niccolò Machiavelli who explained in his 16th-century political treatise The Prince ( Il Principe) 1,2 1. In the opposite case, this means that the connectivity of centers in an empire should be bounded. We show that if the noise correlations are negative for each pair of nodes, then the most stable structure of an empire with respect to noise is a globally connected one. It shows that empires, earlier or later, fall into a control trap: to support the dynamical regime, they should have many satellites, but then their evolution becomes slow. However, to provide network state stability under noise, we should increase the number of satellites obtaining a slow down in the empire dynamics. We refer to such structures as “empires.” For such networks, one can show that their dynamics may be very complex, with a single restriction that the attractor dimension is smaller than the number of centers. Centers interact with the satellites according to a “divide and rule” scheme, which implies that satellite-satellite interactions are weak or are totally absent. In this regard, we study a dynamical model describing a network, which is composed of a small number of center nodes and several weakly connected satellite nodes. A key question asks for the stability of network states under the influence of noise. Within the last few decades, the analysis of dynamics and stability of such networks received great attention. Hence, increasing size eventually ends up in the “control trap.”Ĭomplex networks appear in many applications in biology, ecology, economics, and social sciences, as well as in artificial intelligence and machine learning. Except for short periods when the state approaches a certain stable state, the development of such structures is very slow and negatively correlated with the size of the system’s structure. For social systems, we show that controllability by their centers is only possible if the centers evolve slowly.
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By an analogy with Bose–Einstein condensation, we show that if the noise correlations are negative for each pair of nodes, then the most stable structure with respect to noise is a globally connected network. To survive, empires should have switching mechanisms implementing adequate behavior models by choosing appropriate local attractors in order to correctly respond to internal and external challenges. Moreover, it is shown that such empires should only have a single ruling center to provide sufficient stability. Using this model, it is shown that the divide and rule framework provides important advantages: it allows for completely controlling the dynamics in a straight-forward way by adjusting center–satellite interactions. Our model is based on a Hopfield type network that proved its significance in the field of artificial intelligence.
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We present a stochastic stability analysis, in which we consider these dynamical systems as stable if the centers have sufficient resources while the satellites have no value. These so-called empires are organized using a divide and rule framework enforcing strong center–satellite interactions while keeping the pairwise interactions between the satellites sufficiently weak. We consider centralized networks composed of multiple satellites arranged around a few dominating super-egoistic centers.